Kathakali – A Classical Dance In India

Kathakali is an ancient and traditional dance form of Kerala. The word Kathakali literally means “Story-Play”. Kathakali uses elaborate make-ups, costumes and background. Kathakali was originated in the 17th century and has its roots in Hindu mythology. Kathakali has a unique combination of literature, music, painting, acting and dance. Kathakali is based on religious themes. They play is mostly based on the two epics ‘Ramayana’ and ‘Mahabharata.

Origin and History of Kathakali

Popular belief is that Kathakali is emerged from “Krishananattam”, the dance drama on the life and activities of Lord Krishna created by the Zamorin of Calicut. Once Kottarakkara Thampuran, the Raja of Kottarakkara who was attracted by Krishnanaattam requested the Zamorin for the loan of a troupe of performers. Due to the political rivalry between the two, Zamorin did not allow this.

So Kottarakkara Thampuran created another art form called Ramanattam which was later transformed into Aattakatha. Krishnanaattam was written in Sanskrit, and Raamanaattam was in Malayalam. By the end of 17th century, Attakatha was presented to the world with the title ‘Kathakali’.

Elements of Fine Art

Kathakali is a combination of five forms of fine art like :

1. Natyam (Acting or Expressions)
2. Nritham (Dance)
3. Nrithyam (Enactment)
4. Sangeetham (Music)
5. Vadyam (Instrument accompaniment)

Even though the lyrics/literature would qualify as another independent element called “Sahithyam”, it is considered as a component of Geetha, as it plays only a supplementary role to Nritham, Nrithyam and Natyam.

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Mohiniyattam – A Classical Dance in India

Mohiniyattam is the dance of The God’s own Country Kerala. Mohiniyattam means dance of Enchantress.

It is closely related to Bharathanatyam of Tamil Nadu, which was originally called ‘Dasiyattam’. Originated as the temple dance performed by Devadasis, it portrays feminine love in its myriad forms – carnal, devotional and maternal- with accent more on Lasya and Bhava. 

In the main items Cholkettu, Padavarnam and Padam, Mudras and facial expressions are more important than the rhythmic steps.Costumes and ornaments of Mohiniyattam have much in common with female characters of Koodiyattam and Kathakali.

Once Mohiniyattam was performed only in Temples premises and royal courts. The first reference to Mohiniyattam is found in ‘Vyavaharamala’ composed by Mazhamangalam Narayanan Namboodiri, of 16th century AD. Major contributions to this art form were given by Maharaja Swathi Thirunal, Irayimman Thampi and Kuttikunju Thankachi.

After Swathi Thirunal’s period there was a downfall of Mohiniyattam. It somehow degenerated into eroticism to satisfy the Epicurean life of a few provincial satraps and landlords. The renowned Malayalam poet Vallathol revived it and gave it a status in modern times through Kerala Kalamandalam which is presently doing its best for the development and popularity of Mohiniyattam.

It has a mesmorising effect with the half white costume with golden zari work with golden ornaments. It is performed with highly graceful movements with medium tempo which contributes to this aesthetic effect.

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